Ngonidzashe Chikukwa

Introduction Affirmative Reposition Movement is a radical movement of Landless urban youth in Namibia which aims at improving the socio-economic being of the youth at large. THE Affirmative Repositioning (AR) Movement is not a political party. Far from it. It is not even an aspiration thereto. The AR Movement is a response to an aching issue our Government has dismally failed to address, the situation of the elite black bourgeoisie fraction of the fortunate minority who grew, and continue to grow, from some corrupt and opportunistic class of the politically well- connected. (Hangula, 2016). In its effort to achieve its goal the AR Movement have employed some populist-socialist ideologies which have made its efforts to enjoy popular support from urban youth. The following discussion will look at how AR has manged to take the populist-socialist pathway through giving relevant examples of the activities it has involved in and paralleling them with features of populist-socialist i...

The Berlin Conference took place on the 15 th November 1884 to 26 th February 1885. The outcome was the adoption of the General Act signed and ratified by all participants. The main purpose was to secure the development of trade and civilisation in certain regions of Africa. While avoiding the misunderstanding and disputes which might in future arise from new acts of occupation on the coast of Africa and furthering the moral and material well-being of the native populations. Moreover the General Act the concept of civilization and its formulation in terms of international law played a critical role in justifying European colonization of Africa in two ways by balancing conflicting interests among the European powers, and by legitimating their “effective authority,” that is European colonial rule in Africa. The General Act contained four Declarations and two Acts of Navigation. Relating to the Congo and Niger respectively arranged in seven chapters and 38 separate articles. The follo...

INTRODUCTION The notion of zone of nonbeing has been shown in the decolonial discourses in Southern Africa notable and Namibia included where we see scholars and Pan-Africanist using both diplomacy and violence to gain independence from former colonial masters and to make possible the end of zones. These zones comprise of zone of being and zone of nonbeing, in the zone of being are white people considered to be human and in the zone of nonbeing are black people considered to be inhuman, objects in fact. Notwithstanding that this classification of people into zones does not only include the race issue, it goes to the depths of social status, tribal differences or even just not being from the same family which can be said in simpler terms as nepotism. The zone of none being has been depicted in Namibia in both pre and post-independence eras. The following essay will further elaborate on this issue bringing out evidence to pivot the ideas that will be raised where there is a depiction ...

Plato and Machiavelli wrote their ideas concerning Leadership and how one should approach it. Plato takes a positive attitude on how one should rule whereas Machiavelli takes a negative and more radical attitude of employing both extreme measures and good measures when one is ruling. For Machiavelli it is understood that he wrote his work during a time when Italy was under siege from both Spain and France so that’s where he obtained such a radical ideology when it comes to ruling. Plato on the other hand he took a positive attitude simply because during his time happiness was regarded to be the most fulfilling thing for the human soul. This will be used in the discussion exhibiting how President Hage Geingob has been employing either Platonic approach or Machiavellic approach in ruling Namibia. This will be also giving reference to the letter in the New Era of 24 March 2017. To Plato a philosopher king should be installed as a King simply because he is virtuous, he knows what is goo...